]?8E荶肎X9r?!節o辈t??M鎍?G薡2?梴瞀D鋪?獧?1s羏{蚰図悐 Xj@>?6憕蛇辥疙b$L2圉T~兊^?1楉u－?Uq乩 -友博体育

　　什么才是拉开学生学习及成长的差距？不是长相、身体或是智商，而是毅力（grit）。

　　培养有毅力的品质最有效的方法可称为“成长型思维模式”（growth mindset），有该思维模式的孩子，他友博体育官网们能够动态地看待成败。

Grit: The power of passion and perseverance

　　0:11

　　When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job in management consulting for a job that was even more demanding: teaching. I went to teach seventh graders math in the New York City public schools.And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I calculated grades.

　　0:35

　　What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students. Some of my strongest performers did not have stratosphericIQ scores. Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well. And that got me thinking. The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram. But these concepts are not impossible,and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students could learn the material if they worked hard and long enough.

友博平台節o辈t??M鎍?G薡2?梴瞀D鋪?獧?1s羏{蚰図悐 Xj@>?6憕蛇辥疙b$L2圉T~兊^?1楉u－?Uq乩 ">

　　?stratospheric?stra-t?-?sfir-ik, -?sfer-: Extremely or unreasonably high:

　　极高的：极高的或高得不合情理的

　　?parallelogram?pa-r?-?le-l?-?gram: A parallelogram is a four-sided shape in which each side is parallel to the side opposite it. 平行四边形

　　1:15

　　After several more years of teaching, I came to the conclusion that what we need in education is a much better understanding of students and learning from a motivational perspective, from a psychological perspective. In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ. But what if doing well in school and in life depends on much more than your ability to learn quickly and easily?

　　1:47

　　So I left the classroom, and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist. I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super challenging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here and why? My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy(西点军校). We tried to predict which cadets would stay in military training and which would drop out. We went to the National Spelling Bee(全美拼字比赛) and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition. We studied rookie teachersworking in really tough neighborhoods, asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching by the end of the school year, and of those, who will be the most effective at improving learning outcomes for their students? We partnered withprivate companies, asking, which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs? And who's going to earn the most money? In all those very different contexts,one characteristic emerged as a significant predictorof success. And it wasn't social intelligence. It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't IQ. It was grit.

　　?setting: The context and environment in which a situation is set; the background. 背景：某一情形的背景或环境；背景

　　?cadetk?-?det: A cadet is a young man or woman who is being trained in the armed services or the police. (军队或警校的)学员

　　?bee: A bee is a social event where people get together for a competition or to do something such as sew. （进行缝纫等比赛或集体活动的）聚会

　　?rookie: a person who has just started a job or an activity and has very little experience 新手；生手

　　?grit: the courage and determination that makes it possible for sb to continue doing sth difficult or unpleasant 勇气；毅力

　　3:00

　　Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.Grit is having stamina. Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, and working really hard to make that future a reality. Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.

　　?stamina: Physical or moral strength to resist or withstand illness, fatigue, or hardship; endurance. 精力：防止疾病、疲劳或经受磨难的体力或意力；耐力

　　?marathon?mer-?-?thän, ?ma-r?-: A cross-country footrace of 26 miles, 385 yards (41.3 kilometers). 马拉松赛跑：一种越野跑步比赛，总长为26英里，385英尺（41.3公里）

　　?sprint: A sprint is a short race in which the competitors run, drive, ride, or swim very fast. 短程竞速赛

　　If you sprint, you run or ride as fast as you can over a short distance. 全速奔跑;(短距离)冲刺

　　3:27

　　A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate.Turns out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, standardized achievement test scores, even how safe kids felt when they were at school. So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee that grit matters. It's also in school, especially for kids at risk for dropping out.

　　4:08

　　To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows, about building it. Every day, parents and teachers ask me, "How do I build grit in kids? What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic? How do I keep them motivated for the long run?" The honest answer is, I don't know.

　　4:29

　　(Laughter)

　　4:31

　　What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty. Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments. In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related tomeasures of talent.

　　4:51

　　So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids is something called "growth mindset(成长型思维模式)." This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort.Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn about the brain and how it changes and grows in response tochallenge, they're much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.

　　5:28

　　So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that's where I'm going to end my remarks, because that's where we are. That's the work that stands before us. We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions, and we need to test them. We need to measure whether we've been successful, and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.

　　5:55

　　In other words, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.

　　6:01

　　Thank you.

　　6:02

友博娱乐入口節o辈t??M鎍?G薡2?梴瞀D鋪?獧?1s羏{蚰図悐 Xj@>?6憕蛇辥疙b$L2圉T~兊^?1楉u－?Uq乩 ">

　　(Applause)

　　【英文原稿、音频来自TED官方网站；点击“阅读原文”可查看原稿的其他语言翻译。】